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Scientific references

The below listed scientific references are the base for the treatment methods used at the Audio Laser Clinic. Both the treatment methods LASER and PEMF/rTMS are based upon a scientific ground including positive, double blind, randomized studies. For PEMF/rTMS therapy for tinnitus and many other disorders evidence occurs. For the treatment of tinnitus using LASER therapy there are several so called gold standard studies (peer reviewed, published, prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double blind positive studies). Gold standard studies have the highest achievable scientific level and constitute the best foundation for evidence based medicine.
 

Evidence for PEMF/rTMS-treatment of inner ear disorders
The method has evidence for the treatment of tinnitus, pain and many more disorders

  1. Lefaucheur JP, André-Obadia N, Antal A, Ayache SS, Baeken C, Benninger DH, Cantello RM, Cincotta M, de Carvalho M, De Ridder D, Devanne H, Di Lazzaro V, Filipovi SR, Hummel FC, Jääskeläinen SK, Kimiskidis VK, Koch G, Langguth B, Nyffeler T, Oliviero A, Padberg F, Poulet E, Rossi S, Rossini PM, Rothwell JC, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Siebner HR, Slotema CW, Stagg CJ, Valls-Sole J, Ziemann U, Paulus W, Garcia-Larrea L. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Clin Neurophysiol. 2014 Nov;125(11):2150-206. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.05.021. Epub 2014 Jun 5. PMID: 25034472 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  2. Lefaucheur JP, Aleman A, Baeken C, Benninger D H, Brunelin J, Di Lazzaro V, Filipovic S R, Grefkes C, Hasan A, Hummel F C, Jääskeläinen S K, Langguth B, Leocani L, Londero A, Nardone R, Nguyen J, Nyffeler T, Oliveira-Maia A J, Oliviero A, Padberg F, Palm U, Paulus W, Poulet E, Quartarone A, Rachid F, Rektorová I, Rossi S, Sahlsten H, Schecklmann M, Szekely D, Ziemann U. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): An update (2014-2018). Clin Neurophysiol. 2020 Feb;131(2):474-528. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.002. Epub 2020 Jan 1. PMID: 31901449 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  3. Lefaucheur JP, Aleman A, Baeken C, Benninger D H, Brunelin J, Di Lazzaro V, Filipovic S R, Grefkes C, Hasan A, Hummel F C, Jääskeläinen S K, Langguth B, Leocani L, Londero A, Nardone R, Nguyen J, Nyffeler T, Oliveira-Maia A J, Oliviero A, Padberg F, Palm U, Paulus W, Poulet E, Quartarone A, Rachid F, Rektorová I, Rossi S, Sahlsten H, Schecklmann M, Szekely D, Ziemann U. Corrigendum to "Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): An update (2014-2018)" [Clin. Neurophysiol. 131 (2020) 474-528]. Clin Neurophysiol. 2020 May;131(5):1168-1169. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.02.003. Epub 2020 Feb 19. [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]
     
     

MEDLINE indexed scientific support for LASER treatment
of the inner ear and its diseases and disorders

  1. Intravenous laser irradiation of blood for the combined treatment of patients presenting with chronic sensorineural hearing loss. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2011;(2):43-5. PMID: 21512485 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE].

  2. Ali R, Abdullah T, Emin A. The effectiveness of two types of low-level laser therapy in patients with persistent tinnitus. Lasers Med Sci. 2023 Jun 5;38(1):132. doi: 10.1007/s10103-023-03797-z. PMID: 37273123 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  3. Belkahia A. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac. 1971 Sep;88(9):467-73. Biological effects of laser beams in otolaryngology. Medical application approach. French. PMID: 5122192 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE].

  4. Bogomil'ski MR, Fitenko LN, D'iakonova IN, Tikhomirov AM, Minasian VS. Effect of low-energy laser irradiation on the functional state of the acoustic analyzer (experimental study). Vestn Otorinolaringol. 1989 Mar-Apr;(2):29-34. Russian. PMID: 2728175 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  5. Bykov VL, Martyniuk LA. Low-energy laser irradiation in the complex treatment of patients with ear diseases. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 1985 Mar-Apr;(2):60-2. Russian. PMID: 4013119 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  6. Choi J, Lee M, Chung P, Jung Y. A preliminary study on the efficacy and safety of low level light therapy in the management of cochlear tinnitus: A single blind randomized clinical trial, Int Tinnitus J. 2019 Jan 1;23(1):52-57. doi: 10.5935/0946-5448.20190010. PMID: 31469529 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  7. Cuda D, De Caria A. Effectiveness of combined counseling and low-level laser stimulation in the treatment of disturbing chronic tinnitus. Int Tinnitus J. 2008;14(2):175-80. PMID: 19205171 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  8. Dejakum K, Piegger J, Plewka C, Gunkel A, Thumfart W, Kudaibergenova S, Goebel G, Kral F, Freysinger W. Medium-level laser in chronic tinnitus treatment. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:324234. doi: 10.1155/2013/324234. Epub 2013 Nov 5. PMID: 24294604 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  9. Demirkol N, Usumez A, Demirkol M, Sari F, Akcaboy C. Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Subjective Tinnitus Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders. Photomed Laser Surg. 2017 Aug;35(8):427-431. doi: 10.1089/pho.2016.4240. Epub 2017 Mar 14. PMID: 28294697 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  10. Djalilian HR, Lee AD. Stapedotomy using continuous wave diode laser (808 nm). Otol Neurotol. 2008 Dec;29(8):1215; author reply 1215-6. No abstract available. PMID: 18716564 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  11. Flock A, Flock B, Scarfone E. Laser scanning confocal microscopy of the hearing organ: fluorochrome-dependent cellular damage is seen after overexposure. J Neurocytol. 1998;27(7):507-16. PMID: 11246490 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  12. Fridberger A, Ren T. Local mechanical stimulation of the hearing organ by laser irradiation. Neuroreport. 2006 Jan 23;17(1):33-7. PMID: 16361946 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  13. Gogeliia AI, Chabashvili NM, Matiashvili MK, Kasradze PA. Experience on treatment of children with otorhinolaryngological diseases by low intensity laser irradiation. Georgian Med News. 2006 Jan;(130):84-6. Russian. PMID: 16510921 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  14. Gungor A, Dogru S, Cincik H, Erkul E, Poyrazoglu E. Effectiveness of transmeatal low power laser irradiation for chronic tinnitus. J Laryngol Otol. 2008 May;122(5):447-51. Epub 2007 Jul 12. PMID: 17625032 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  15. Hahn A, Sejna I, Stolbova K, Cocek A. Combined laser-EGb 761 tinnitus therapy. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2001;545:92-3. PMID: 11677752 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  16. Hahn A, Radkova L, Achiemere G, Klement V, Alpini D, Strouhal. Multimodal therapy for chronic tinnitus. J. Int Tinnitus J. 2008;14(1):69-72. PMID: 18616089 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  17. Hahn A, Schalek P, Sejna I, Rosina J. Combined tinnitus therapy with laser and EGb 761: further experiences. Int Tinnitus J. 2012;17(1):47-50. PMID: 23906827 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  18. Hubácek J, Hlozek Z, Prucek I. Experience with the He-Ne laser in otorhinolaryngology. Cesk Otolaryngol. 1984 Jun;33(3):135-9. Czech. No abstract available. PMID: 6498995 [PubMed - indexed v MEDLINE]

  19. Izzo AD, Richter CP, Jansen ED, Walsh JT Jr. Laser stimulation of the auditory nerve. Lasers Surg Med. 2006 Sep;38(8):745-53. PMID: 16871623 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  20. Izzo AD, Suh E, Pathria J, Walsh JT, Whitlon DS, Richter CP. Selectivity of neural stimulation in the auditory system: a comparison of optic and electric stimuli. J Biomed Opt. 2007 Mar-Apr;12(2):021008. PMID: 17477715 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  21. Izzo AD, Walsh JT Jr, Jansen ED, Bendett M, Webb J, Ralph H, Richter CP. Optical parameter variability in laser nerve stimulation: a study of pulse duration, repetition rate, and wavelength. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2007 Jun;54(6 Pt 1):1108-14. PMID: 17554829 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  22. Izzo AD, Walsh JT Jr, Ralph H, Webb J, Bendett M, Wells J, Richter CP. Laser stimulation of auditory neurons: effect of shorter pulse duration and penetration depth. Biophys J. 2008 Apr 15;94(8):3159-66. Epub 2008 Jan 11. PMID: 18192375 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  23. Jung JY, Kwon PS, Ahn JC, Ge R, Suh MW, Rhee CK. In vitro and in vivo photodynamic therapy of otitis media in gerbils. Laryngoscope. 2009 Sep;119(9):1781-7. PMID: 19572273 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  24. Kharaishvili G, Gogeliia A. Changes of blood paramagnetic centres of animals irradiated with low-intensity laser. Georgian Med News. 2006 Apr; (133): 108-110. Russian. PMID: 16705246 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  25. Lapchenko AS. Current potentialities of laser radiation in otorhinolaryngological practice. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2006;(5):59-62. Review. Russian. PMID: 17278698 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  26. Lapchenko AS, Gedzik VA. Use of semiconductor laser in the treatment of various inflammatory ORL diseases. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 1991 Sep-Oct;(5):14-6. Russian. PMID: 1755176 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  27. Lapchenko AS. Low-energy laser radiation in otorhinolaryngology: history and current opportunities. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2002;(4):51-4. Review. Russian. PMID: 12400143 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  28. Lapchenko AS, Kucherov AG, Levina IuV, Ivanets IV, Krasiuk AA, Kadymova MI. The application of supravascular laser irradiation of blood for the treatment of cochleovestibular disorders. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2011;(1):39-40. PMID: 21378736 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  29. Lin SZ, Fan JP, Sun AH, Guan J, Liu HB, Zhu QB. Efficacy of laser occlusion of posterior semicircular canal for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: case report. J Laryngol Otol. 2010 May;124(5):e5. Epub 2009 Oct 20. PMID: 19840431 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  30. Littlefield PD, Vujanovic I, Mundi J, Matic AI, Richter CP. Laser stimulation of single auditory nerve fibers. Laryngoscope. 2010 Oct;120(10):2071-82. PMID: 20830761 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  31. Markaryan A, Nelson EG, Hinojosa R. Major arc mitochondrial DNA deletions in cytochrome c oxidase-deficient human cochlear spiral ganglion cells. Acta Otolaryngol. 2010 Jul;130(7):780-7. PMID: 20085441 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  32. Mirvakili A, Mehrparvar A, Mostaghaci M, Mollasadeghi A, Mirvakili M, Baradaranfar M, Dadgarnia M, Davari M. Low level laser effect in treatment of patients with intractable tinnitus due to sensorineural hearing loss. J Lasers Med Sci. 2014 Spring;5(2):71-4. PMID: 25653802 PMCID: PMC4291818 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  33. Mishen'kin NV, Tikhomirov VV, Krotov IuA, Konev VP. Laser therapy in the early postoperative period following sanitizing surgery of the ear using a closed method (experimental study). Vestn Otorinolaringol. Russian. 1988 Nov-Dec;(6):75-6. PMID: 3227631 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  34. Mishen'kin NV, Tikhomirov VV, Krotov IuA. Effects of helium-neon laser energy on the tissues of the middle ear in the presence of biological fluids and drug solutions. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 1990 Sep-Oct;(5):18-21. Russian. PMID: 2267687 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  35. Mishen'kin NV, Krotov IuA. Helium-neon lasers in clinical and experimental otology. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 1990 May-Jun;(3):71-7. Review. Russian. PMID: 2200197 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  36. Mollasadeghi A, Mirmohammadi SJ, Mehrparvar AH, Davari MH, Shokouh P, Mostaghaci M, Baradaranfar MH, Bahaloo M. Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of tinnitus due to noise-induced hearing loss: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Oct 28;2013:596076. doi: 10.1155/2013/596076. eCollection 2013. PMID: 24288494 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  37. Montazeri K, Mahmoudian S, Razaghi Z, Farhadi M. lterations in Auditory Electrophysiological Responses Associated With Temporary Suppression of Tinnitus Induced by Low-Level Laser Therapy: A Before-After Case Series, J Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Summer;8(Suppl 1):S38-S45. doi: 10.15171/jlms.2017.s8. Epub 2017 Aug 27. PMID: 29071034 PMCID: PMC5642177 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  38. Pal'chun VT, Lapchenko AS, Kadymova MI, Kucherov AG. Low-energy laser radiation in the combined treatment of sensorineural hearing loss and Menière's disease. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 1996 Jan-Feb;(1):23-5. Russian. PMID: 8714046 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  39. Pfeiffer N. Argon laser offers breakthrough in treating inner ear disorders. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 1992 Aug;10(4):311-3. PMID: 10147882 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  40. Plath P, Olivier J. Results of combined low-power laser therapy and extracts of Ginkgo biloba in cases of sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 1995;49:101-4. No abstract available. PMID: 7653339 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  41. Pluzhnikov MS, Lopotko AI. Low-intensity laser irradiation in otorhinolaryngology. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 1996 Mar-Apr;(2):5-14. Russian. PMID: 8711850 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  42. Pluzhnikov SM, Ivanov BS, Usanov AA, Glukhova EIu. Use of intracavitary low-energy laser therapy in the complex treatment of inflammatory diseases of the sphenoid sinus. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 1986 Jul-Aug;(4):72-3. Russian. No abstract available. PMID: 3750625 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  43. Okhovat A, Berjis N, Okhovat H, Malekpour A, Abtahi H. Low-level laser for treatment of tinnitus: a self-controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 2011 Jan;16(1):33-8. PMID: 21448380 PMCID: PMC3063436 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  44. Park Y, Na W, Park I, Suh M, Rhee C, Chung P, Jung J. Trans-canal laser irradiation reduces tinnitus perception of salicylate treated rat. Neurosci Lett. 2013 Jun 7;544:131-5. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.03.058. Epub 2013 Apr 11. PMID: 23583341 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  45. Regina Silva M, Rodrigues Scheffer A, de Assunção Bastos R, Chavantes M, Capoani Garcia Mondelli M. The effects of photobiomodulation therapy in individuals with tinnitus and without hearing loss. Lasers Med Sci. 2022 Dec;37(9):3485-3494. doi: 10.1007/s10103-022-03614-z. Epub 2022 Aug 10. PMID: 35947315 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  46. Ribári O, Jóri J, Kiss JG, Vóna I, Tomity I. Closure of tympanic perforations with low-energy He- Ne-laser irradiation. Acta Chir Acad Sci Hung. 1980;21(3):229-38. German. PMID: 7324719 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  47. Ribari O. The stimulating effect of low power laser rays : experimental examinations in otorhinolaryngology. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 1981 Nov-Dec;102(11-12):531-3. No abstract available. PMID: 7339757 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  48. Rodrigues Scheffer A, Capoani Garcia Mondelli M, da Silva Cardoso Rocha Tavares R. Photobiomodulation Therapy in Hearing Related Aspects: an Integrative Bibliometric Study. Int Tinnitus J. 2021 Mar 1;25(1):59-65. doi: 10.5935/0946-5448.20210012. PMID: 34410081 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  49. Sedlmaier B, Jovanovic S. Treatment of acute otitis media with the CO2 laser. HNO. 2000; 48 (8): 557-560. PMID: 10994164 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  50. Shimizu M, Matsuzuka T, Matsumi F, Ogawa H, Murono S. Change of Tinnitus with Xenon Phototherapy of the Stellate Ganglion. Photomed Laser Surg. 2018 Sep;36(9):468-471. doi: 10.1089/pho.2017.4431. Epub 2018 Aug 10. PMID: 30096265 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  51. Shiomi Y, Takahashi H, Honjo I, Kojima H, Naito Y, Fujiki N. Efficacy of transmeatal low power laser irradiation on tinnitus: a preliminary report. Auris Nasus Larynx. 1997;24(1):39-42. PMID: 9148726 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  52. Siedentopf CM, Ischebeck A, Haala IA, Mottaghy FM, Schikora D, Verius M, Koppelstaetter F, Buchberger W, Schlager A, Felber SR, Golaszewski SM. Neural correlates of transmeatal cochlear laser (TCL) stimulation in healthy human subjects. Neurosci Lett. 2007 Jan 16;411(3):189-93. Epub 2006 Nov 22. PMID: 17123710 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  53. Svistushkin VM, Bezchinskaia MIa, Morozova SV, Makeeva NS. Use of helium-neon laser device LTM-01 in the treatment of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 1992 Jan-Feb;(1):16-8. Russian. PMID: 1589937 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  54. Tauber S, Baumgartner R, Schorn K, Beyer W. Lightdosimetric quantitative analysis of the human petrous bone: experimental study for laser irradiation of the cochlea. Lasers Surg Med. 2001;28(1):18-26. PMID: 11430438 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  55. Tauber S, Schorn K, Beyer W, Baumgartner R. Transmeatal cochlear laser (TCL) treatment of cochlear dysfunction: a feasibility study for chronic tinnitus. Lasers Med Sci. 2003;18(3):154-61. PMID: 14505199 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  56. Teggi R, Bellini C, Fabiano B, Bussi M. Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in Ménière's disease: a pilot study of 10 patients. Photomed Laser Surg. 2008 Aug;26(4):349-53. PMID: 18665761 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  57. Teggi R, Bellini C, Piccioni LO, Palonta F, Bussi M. Transmeatal low-level laser therapy for chronic tinnitus with cochlear dysfunction. Audiol Neurootol. 2009;14(2):115-20. PMID: 18843180 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  58. Teudt IU, Maier H, Richter CP, Kral A. Acoustic events and "optophonic" cochlear responses induced by pulsed near-infrared laser. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2011 Jun;58(6):1648-55. Epub 2011 Jan 28. PMID: 21278011 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  59. Thabit M, Fouad N, Shahat B, Youssif M. Combined central and peripheral stimulation for treatment of chronic tinnitus: a randomized pilot study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 Mar-Apr;29(3):224-33. doi: 10.1177/1545968314542616. Epub 2014 Jul 15. PMID: 25030898 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  60. Timirgaleev M, Shuster M, Gavrilenko S. Transtubal laser therapy of inflammatory diseases of the eustachian tube and middle ear. Vestnik Otorinolaringol. 1986;(1):63-6. Russian. PMID: 3952933 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  61. Wenzel GI, Pikkula B, Choi CH, Anvari B, Oghalai JS. Laser irradiation of the guinea pig basilar membrane. Lasers Surg Med. 2004;35(3):174-80. PMID: 15389736 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  62. Wenzel GI, Anvari B, Mazhar A, Pikkula B, Oghalai JS. Laser-induced collagen remodeling and deposition within the basilar membrane of the mouse cochlea. J Biomed Opt. 2007 Mar-Apr;12(2):021007. PMID: 17477714 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  63. Wenzel GI, Balster S, Zhang K, Lim HH, Reich U, Massow O, Lubatschowski H, Ertmer W, Lenarz T, Reuter G. Green laser light activates the inner ear. J Biomed Opt. 2009 Jul-Aug;14(4):044007. PMID: 19725719 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

  64. Zazzio M. Pain threshold improvement for chronic hyperacusis patients in a prospective clinical study. Photomed Laser Surg. 2010 Jun;28(3):371-7. PMID: 19821704 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE]

 

Non-MEDLINE indexed published scientific support for
LASER treatment of the inner ear and its diseases and disorders

  1. Intravenous laser irradiation of blood for the combined treatment of patients presenting with chronic sensorineural hearing loss. Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2011;(2):43-5. PMID: 21512485 [PubMed - indexed on MEDLINE].

  2. Beyer W, Baumgartner R, Tauber S. Dosimetric Analysis for Low-Level-Lasertherapy (LLLT) of the Human inner Ear. Proc BiOS Europe '98, 8-12 Sept 1998, Stockholm, Sweden.

  3. Beyer W, Baumgartner R, Tauber S. Dosimetric analysis for low-level-lasertherapy (LLLT) of the human inner ear at 593nm and 633nm. Proc. SPIE Vol. 3569, p. 56-59, Effects of Low-Power Light on Biological Systems IV, Giovanni F. Bottiroli; Tiina I. Karu; Rachel Lubart; Eds. (SPIE Homepage) Publication Date: Dec 1998.

  4. Backman M. LASER therapy in the combined treatment of hyperacusis, a prospective clinical study - a preliminary report from a clinical pilot study. Oral presentation, Neurootological and Equilibriometric Society, International Tinnitus Symposium, Prague, the Czech Republic, 30th March, 2004.

  5. Backman M. Hyperacusis Treatment with a Combination of Low Level Laser light, Anti-Oxidant Control and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field - A Clinical Pilot Study. Journal of Vestibular Research. 2004; (14) 2/3: 184.

  6. Backman M. Hyperacusis as a Treatment Modality. Otoneurological Days, Prague, March 2005.

  7. Backman M. LASER therapy in the combined treatment of hyperacusis, a prospective clinical study on 245 observations. Oral presentation at the LASER medical congress, LASER PRAHA, 17th September 2005, European Medical Laser Association, Prague, 2005.

  8. Bousema, E, Koops, E, van Dijk, P, Dijkstra, P. Effects of Physical Interventions on Subjective Tinnitus, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci. 2023 Jan 29;13(2):226. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13020226. PMID: 36831769 PMCID: PMC9954385

  9. Dehkordi MA, Einolghozati S, Ghasemi SM, Abolbashari S, Meshkat M, Behzad H. Effect of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of cochlear tinnitus: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ear Nose Throat J. 2015 Jan;94(1):32-6. PMID: 25606834 [PubMed - in process]

  10. Gable P. A pilot study on Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) for otitis externa - swimmers ear. Implications for competitive swimmers. Proc. WALT 2002, Tokyo, Japan, June 2002.

  11. Gogeliia A. Efficiency of Low Level Laser Therapy in Otology. Annals of Biomedical Research and Education, 2002 April/June, Volume 2, Issue 2, 151-153.

  12. Hahn A. Combined tinnitus therapy with soft laser and EGb 761. Oral presentation at Bárány Society Meeting in Bell Harbor International Conference Center, Seattle, Washington State, USA. September 26-29, 2002.

  13. Hubacek J. Our Experience with CO2 and He-Ne Lasers. Acta Chir. Plast.1983; 25: 229-238.

  14. Hubacek J, Hlozek Z. Non-invasive Lasertherapy. Otorhinolaryngology. 1984: 72-86.

  15. Hubacek J.: Experience with the Use of LLLT in ENT Medicine. Laser Partner 2000; No. 22.

  16. Karabaev E, Nasretdinov T et al. Laser therapy use in the treatment of recurrent purulent otitides media / Theses of International Symposium of Laser surgery and Laser medicine. Part II - Samarkand 1988, p. 231-233.

  17. Kim JB, Jung JY, Ahn JC, Rhee CK, Oh YH. Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Low Level Laser Irradiation on Gentamicin-Induced Vestibulotoxicity in Rat Utricles. Korean J Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2009 Jan; 52 (1):19-28. Korean.

  18. Korepanov V. Laser therapy in cardiology, otolaryngopathology and pulmonology. Moscow 1995, p. 23.

  19. Lee J, Kim S, Jung Y, Lee M. Applications of photobiomodulation in hearing research: from bench to clinic. 2019 Jun 18;9(3):351-358. doi: 10.1007/s13534-019-00114-y. eCollection 2019 Aug. PMID: 31456894 PMCID: PMC6694351.

  20. Lukowicz M, Zalewski P, Bulatowicz I, Buszko K, Klawe JJ. The impact of laser irradiation on global stability in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency: a clinical report. Med Sci Monit. 2011 Sep;17(9):CR517-22. PMID: 21873949 [PubMed - in process]

  21. Mishenkin N, Dashkevich Y et al. Treatment of the chronic purulent otitis media with Laser irradiation energy / Regional scientific-practical conference and scientific session of Moscow Scientific Research Institute of ear, throat and nose - Rostov-on-Don 1979, 110-111.

  22. Mueller-Kortkramp M. An alternative therapy for Tinnitus by combining the power of the impulse laser with ginkgo-extract (EGb 761). Oral presentation at Neurootologic and Equilibriometric Societies Tinnitus-Seminar at the METRC, N.Y., USA, 29 June, 1999.

  23. Okhovat A, Berjis N, Okhovat H, Malekpour A, Abtahi H. Low-level laser for treatment of tinnitus: a self-controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 2011 Jan;16(1):33-8. PMID: 21448380 PMCID: PMC3063436.

  24. Olivier J, Plath P. Combined low power laser therapy and extracts of Ginkgo biloba in a blind trial of treatment for tinnitus. Laser Therapy 1993; 5 (3): 137-139.

  25. Panhóca, V, de Aquino, A, Brocca de Souza, V, Aparecida Ferreira, S, Tatiane Ferreira, L, de Oliveira Souza, K, Eriko Tamae, P, Saito Nogueira, M, Salvador Bagnato, V. Effects of Red and Infrared Laser Therapy in Patients with Tinnitus: A Double-Blind, Clinical, Randomized Controlled Study Combining Light with Ultrasound, Drugs and Vacuum Therapy. Pers Med. 2023 Mar 26;13(4):581. doi: 10.3390/jpm13040581. PMID: 37108967 PMCID: PMC10144000

  26. Plewka C, Dejakum K, Piegger J, Gunkel A, Thumfart W, Göbel G, Freysinger W. Behandlung von Tinnitus mit Medium-Level Laser. Studienergebnisse. Österreichischer HNO-Kongress. 2005, s 48, V018.

  27. Pluzhnikov M, Lopotko A, Gagauz A. Lasery v Rinofaringologii, Kishinev, Shtiinca 1991; 157.

  28. Procházka M, Tejnska R. Noninvasive laser therapy of tinnitus: In: A window on the laser medicine world. Proc. SPIE. 1999. Vol. 4166: 223-223.

  29. Procházka M, Tejnska R. Noninvasive laser therapy of tinnitus. Laser Partner, 2000; 4.

  30. Procházka M. Case Histories of Patients Suffering from Tinnitus Treated by Comprehensive Rehabilitation Therapy Including LLLT. Laser Partner, 2001; 48.

  31. Procházka M, Hahn A. Comprehensive laser rehabilitation therapy of tinnitus: long term double blind study in a group of 200 patients in three years. Laser Partner, 2002; 51.

  32. Procházka M. The Role of LLLT in Treatment of Tinnitus. Laser Partner, 2003; 61.

  33. Quittner M. Low Level Laser Therapy for Reduction of Tinnitus Symptoms. Swedish Laser Medical Society, Laser World, Guest Editorial, 2004.

  34. Rhee CK, Lim E, Kim Y, Chung Y, Jung J, Chung P. Effect of low level laser (LLL) on cochlear and vestibular inner ear including tinnitus. Progress in biomedical optics and imaging 2006; 7 (1).

  35. Rhee CK, He P, Jung JY, Ahn JC, Chung PS, Suh MW. Effect of low-level laser therapy on cochlear hair cell recovery after gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. Lasers Med Sci. 2011 Dec 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22138884

  36. Rhee CK, Bahk CW, Kim SH, Ahn JC, Jung JY, Chung PS, Suh MW. Effect of low-level laser treatment on cochlea hair-cell recovery after acute acoustic trauma. J Biomed Opt. 2012 Jun;17(6):068002. PMID: 22734788 [PubMed - in process]

  37. Salahaldin A, Abdulhadi K, Najjar N, Bener A. Low-level laser therapy in patients with complaints of tinnitus: a clinical study. ISRN Otolaryngol. 2012 Apr 9;2012:132060. doi: 10.5402/2012/132060. Print 2012. PMID: 23724264 PMCID: PMC3658799.

  38. Shapiro MG, Homma K, Villarreal S, Richter CP, Bezanilla F. Infrared light excites cells by changing their electrical capacitance. Nat Commun. 2012 Mar 13;3:736. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1742. PMID: 22415827

  39. Shiomi Y. Effect of low power laser irradiation on inner ear. Pract Otol (Kyoto). 1994; 87: 1135-1140.

  40. Swoboda R, Schott A. Behandlung neurologischer erkrankungen mit Ginkgo biloba Hevert®, Hyperforat® und Low-Power-Laser-Therapie. Medizinische Akademie Erfurt, Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenerkrankungen. 1992.

  41. Tauber S, Beyer W, Baumgartner R E. al. Low-Level-Lasertherapie des Innenohres: eine dosimetrische Analyse der menschlichen Cochlea. Lasermedizin. 1998; 13 (3-4): 122.

  42. Tauber S et al. Double blind study for Low Level Laser Therapy in patients with chronic cochlear dysfunction. Dept. of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Zentrum, Clinic of the University Munich, Germany.

  43. Wang F, Wang Z. Observation on clinical effect of 70 cases of acute otitis media treated by He-Ne laser irradiation on acupoints. Chin J Acupunct Moxibustion. 1991; 4 (1): 30-33.

  44. Wilden L, Dindinger D. Treatment of chronic diseases of the inner ear with low level laser therapy (LLLT). Laser Therapy, 1996; 8: 209-212.

  45. Wilden L, Ellerbrock D. Amelioration of the hearing capacity by low-level-laser-light (LLLL). Lasermedizin. 1999; 14: 129-138.

  46. Wilden L. Zur Wirkung von Low Level Laser Strahlung auf den zellulären Energietransfer. Laser Medizin. Volume 15, 1999/2000, No. 1-2
     

Other scientific material supporting LASER treatment
of the inner ear and its diseases and disorders

  1. Andersen F, Deterville G. Evaluation of dysfunction grade using Soft Laser. IHA-GfK AG, Hergiswil, 2005: 9405696/1013051.

  2. Juberg R. Molde-model - a pilot study on tinnitus treatment with Low Level Laser Therapy in combination with holistic therapy. Material published at Tinnituskontakt i More og Romsdal & Kristiansund og Omegn Horselforening. Molde, Norway. 2003.

  3. Kolaylioglu A. Healing of Perforated Tympanic Membrane, Evidence material published on the internet. www.laser.nu/tlc.

  4. Marti P. Treatment through otolaser in combination with magnetic field therapy and oxygen-multistep-therapy. Cosmopolitan University & Universidad autonomo Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. 2001. Material published on the Internet.

  5. Myrhaug H. The theory of otosclerosis and Morbus Ménière (Labyrinthine vertigo) being caused by the same mechanism: physical irritants, an otognathic syndrome. Bergmanns Boktryckeri A/S, Bergen, Norway. 1981.

  6. Wilden L, Fritsch M. Tinnitus lindern durch Laserlicht. Werner Joop Verlag 1994/95/96/97, ISBN 3-926955-70-8.

  7. Wilden L. The effect of low level laser light on inner ear diseases. In: Low Level Laser Therapy. Clinical Practice and Scientific Background. Eds. Jan Tunér, Lars Hode. Prima Books in Sweden AB (1999). ISBN 91-630-7616-0.

  8. Wilden L. Results of patient survey conducted on more than 3000 patients over 13 years. Private Practice Dr. Wilden, Kurallee 16, 94072 Bad Füssing, Germany.

  9. Witt U, Felix C. Selective photo-biochemo-therapy in the combination of laser and ginkgo plant extracts acc. to the Witt method. Personal communication, 1989.

  10. Witt U. New alternative therapy against disorders of inner ear by combining the power of impuls-laser with ginkgo-extract (EGb 761). Material published on the Internet. 1996.

  11. Yong W, Young S, Ahn J, Chung P, Rhee C. Effect of low level laser on ototoxicity prevention of FM1-43 in postnatal organotypic culture of rat utricles. Progress in biomedical optics and imaging. 2007; 8 (1): Notes: 6424.

  12. Zachrisson B. Tinnitus treatment with laser in combination with pulsed electromagnetic field therapy. Summary published on the Internet, 2004.

  13. Zazzio M. Light penetration of the tissue of the hearing organ on pig irradiating with a 650 nm LASER light probe from outside the tympanic membrane. Photographic evidence material published on the Internet in November 2006 at www.alir.nu/medicin.
     

Scientific support for LASER treatment of somatosensory tinnitus

  1. Bertolucci L, Grey T. Clinical analysis of Mid-laser versus placebo treatment of arthralgic TMJ degenerative joints. J Craniomandib Practice. 1995; 13 (1): 26-29.

  2. Bezuur N, Hansson T. The effect of therapeutic laser treatment in patients with craniomandibular disorders. J Craniomandibular Disorders. 1988; 2: 83-86.

  3. Bjordal J, Couppé C, Chow R, Tunér J, Ljunggren E. A systematic review of low level laser therapy with location-specific doses for pain from chronic joint disorders. Aust J Physiother. 2003; 49 (2): 107-116. Review.

  4. Bjorne A. Tinnitus aureum as an effect of increased tension in the lateral pterygoid muscle (letter). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993 Sep; 109 (3 Pt 1): 558.

  5. Bjorne A. Tinnitus aureum as an effect of increased tension in the lateral pterygoid muscle (letter). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993 Nov; 109 (5): 969.

  6. Bjorne A. Craniomandibular Disorders in Patients with Meniere's Disease: A Controlled Study. Journal of Orofacial Pain. 1996; Vol 10, No. 1 p 29-37.

  7. Bjorne A, Berven A, Agerberg G. Cervical signs and symptoms in patients with Meniere's disease: a controlled study. Cranio. 1998 Jul; 16 (3): 194-202.

  8. Bjorne A, Agerberg G. Symptom relief after treatment of temporomandibular and cervical spine disorders in patients with Meniere's disease: a three-year follow-up. Cranio. 2003 Jan; 21 (1): 50-60.

  9. Bjorne A, Agerberg G. Reduction in sick leave and costs to society of patients with Meniere's disease after treatment of temporomandibular and cervical spine disorders: a controlled six-year cost-benefit study. Cranio. 2003 Apr; 21 (2): 136-143.

  10. Bjorne A. Assessment of temporomandibular and cervical spine disorders in tinnitus patients. Prog Brain Res. 2007; 166: 215-219. Review.

  11. Cetiner S, Kahraman S, Yücetas S. Evaluation of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Photomed Laser Surg. 2006 Oct; 24 (5): 637-641.

  12. Cho K, Park J, Ko M. The effect of low level laser therapy on pressure threshold in patients with temporomandibular disorders. A double blind study. J of Korean Academy of Oral Medicine. 1999; 24 (3): 281-300.

  13. Conti P. Low-level laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD): a double-blind pilot study. Cranio. 1997; 15 (2): 144-149.

  14. de Medeiros J, Vieira G, Nishimura P. Laser application effects on the bite strength of the masseter muscle, as an orofacial pain treatment. Photomed Laser Surg. 2005 Aug; 23 (4): 373-376.

  15. Emshoff R, Bösch R, Pümpel E, Schöning H, Strobl H. Low-level laser therapy for treatment of temporomandibular joint pain: a double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008 Apr; 105 (4): 452-456.

  16. Estola-Partanen M. Muscular tension and tinnitus. 2000. Thesis. ISBN 951-44-4972-X.

  17. Fikácková H, Dostálová T, Navrátil L, Klaschka J. Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in temporomandibular joint disorders: a placebo-controlled study. Photomed Laser Surg. 2007 Aug; 25 (4): 297-303.

  18. Gray R, Quale A, Hall C et al. Physiotherapy in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders: a comparative study of four treatment methods. Br J Dent. 1994; 176: 257-261.

  19. Hansson T. Infrared laser in the treatment of craniomandibular disorders, arthrogenous pain. J Prosthetic Dentistry. 1989; 61: 614-617.

  20. Ibañez J, Medico R. Laser therapy in temporomandibular dysfunction. Rev Fac Odont Univ Nac (Córdoba). 1989; 17 (1-2): 21-30.

  21. Ivanov A et al. Effect of Helium-Neon laser radiation on the course of temporomandibular joint arthritis and arthrosis. Stomatologiia (Moscow). 1985; 64: 81-82.

  22. Kim S , Park J. The effect of low level laser therapy at trigger points in masseter and other muscles. J Korean Acad Med. 1996; 21 (1): 3.

  23. Ki-Suk K, Young-Ku K. Comparative study of the clinical effects of splint laser acupuncture and laser therapy for temporomandibular disorders. J Dental College, Seoul Nat Univ. 1988; 1 (12): 195.

  24. Kulekcioglu S, Sivrioglu K, Ozcan O, Parlak M. Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in temporomandibular disorder. Scand J Rheumatol. 2003; 32 (2): 114-118.

  25. Lou S, Zhang X, Xu B. Evaluation of low level laser therapy in temporo-mandibular joint disorders. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2003 Dec;12 (6): 435, 442. Chinese.

  26. Makk A, Pollera M. Multicenter study related to treatment of TMJ syndrome. Proc. Internat Congress LASERMED, Munich, 1995, p 104.

  27. Martelli M. A clinical, statistical investigation of laser effect in the treatment of pain and dysfunction of temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ). J Dental Proth. 1990; (1): 31-36.

  28. Mazzetto M, Carrasco T, Bidinelo E, de Andrade Pizzo R, Mazzetto R. Low intensity laser application in temporomandibular disorders: a phase I double-blind study. Cranio. 2007 Jul; 25 (3): 186-192.

  29. McNeely M, Armijo Olivo S, Magee D. A systematic review of the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions for temporomandibular disorders. Phys Ther. 2006 May; 86 (5): 710-725. Review.

  30. Medlicott M, Harris S. A systematic review of the effectiveness of exercise, manual therapy, electrotherapy, relaxation training, and biofeedback in the management of temporomandibular disorder. Phys Ther. 2006 Jul; 86 (7): 955-973. Review.

  31. Myrhaug H. The theory of otosclerosis and Morbus Ménière (Labyrinthine vertigo) being caused by the same mechanism: physical irritants, an otognathic syndrome. Bergmanns Boktryckeri A/S, Bergen, Norway. 1981.

  32. Nelson A, Friedman M. Somatosensory trigeminal evoked potential amplitudes following low level laser and sham irradiation over time. Laser Therapy. 2001; 13: 60-64.

  33. Núñez S, Garcez A, Suzuki S, Ribeiro M. Management of mouth opening in patients with temporomandibular disorders through low-level laser therapy and transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation. Photomed Laser Surg. 2006 Feb; 24 (1): 45-49.

  34. Ohshiro T, Ogata H, Yoshida M, Tanaka Y, Sasaki K and Yoshimi K. Penetration depths of 830 nm diode laser irridation in the head and neck assessed using a radiography phantom model and wavelength-specific imaging film. Laser Therapy. 1996; 8: 197-204.

  35. Pinheiro A, Cavalcanti E, Pinheiro T, Alves M, Miranda E, De Quevedo A, Manzi C, Vieira A, Rolim A. Low-level laser therapy is an important tool to treat disorders of the maxillofacial region. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 1998 Aug;16 (4): 223-226.

  36. Pinheiro A, Cavalcanti E, Pinheiro T, Alves M, Manzi C. Low-level laser therapy in the management of disorders of the maxillofacial region. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 1997; 15 (4): 181-183.

  37. Rubenstein B. Tinnitus and cranomandibular disorders - is there a link? (thesis). Swed Dent J Suppl. 1993; 95.

  38. Sanseverino N, Sanseverino C, Ribeiro M et al. Clinical evaluation of the low intensity laser antialgic action of GaAlAs (785 nm) in the treatment of the temporomandibular disorders. Laser Med Surg Supplement 14, 2002: 18.

  39. Sattayut S, Bradley P. Low intensity laser therapy (LILT) for TMD myofascial pain: results from a pilot study. 1998. Proc. 6th Int Congr Lasers in Dentistry. University of Utah Press. Ed J Frame. ISBN 0-87480-606-2, p 152-156.

  40. Sattayut S. A study on the influence of low intensity laser therapy on painful temporomandibular disorders. 1999. University of London PhD thesis.

  41. Tasaki E et al. Application of low power laser therapy in closed lock temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 1992; Suppl 4: 84.

  42. Tullberg M, Alstergren P, Ernberg M. Effects of low-power laser exposure on masseter muscle pain and microcirculation. Pain. 2003 Sep; 105 (1-2): 89-96.

  43. Tullberg M, Ernberg M. Long-term effect on tinnitus by treatment of temporomandibular disorders: a two-year follow-up by questionnaire. Acta Odontol Scand. 2006 Apr; 64 (2): 89-96.

  44. Venancio Rde A, Camparis C, Lizarelli Rde F. Low intensity laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: a double-blind study. J Oral Rehabil. 2005 Nov; 32 (11): 800-807